Learn how to create access keys in AWS with screenshots. Also see how to make access key active, inactive and delete.
Security is top priority when you are using cloud services. Username/password is primitive form of security we used for account security. Since technology has evolved and automation took over the day today activities, manual work has been transformed into API calls. Many things gets its work done by making API calls to respected services.
AWS Access Keys. Access Keys are used to sign the requests you send to Amazon S3. Like the Username/Password pair you use to access your AWS Management Console, Access Key Id and Secret Access Key are used for programmatic (API) access to AWS services.
In cloud, once service gets connected to another service with API Calls. API calls also needs to get authenticated across services so that your cloud infra stays secure. For that AWS uses access keys which can be supplied to source service to get it authenticated at destination service and complete API calls. Now, question is where are my access keys in AWS? Where to create access keys in AWS? In this article we will see how to create, make active, make inactive and delete access keys in AWS.
Login to your AWS console and navigate to this IAM dashboard part. This page helps you to manage your security credentials like password, MFA, access keys, certificates etc. Expand ‘Access Keys (Access Key ID and Secret Access Key)‘ and you will see space to create new access keys like below.
Here, click on button ‘Create New Access Key‘. Once clicked your access key pair will be generated automatically. Each access key pair consist of access key ID and secret access key. Access key ID will be visible to you in your account all the time (like you can see it in above screenshot). But, secret access key is visible only time of creation for security purpose. You also have choice to download secret access key file. But apart from this file and time of creation you wont be able to see/retrieve this key. Its your duty to keep it safe. After hitting create keys button you will see below screen :
Both keys can be reveled to copy and save, by clicking ‘Show Access Key‘ link in above dialogue box. Keys will be shown to you in plain text like below :
You can also opt to save this key pair. Click Download Key File button. You key pair will be downloaded as rootkey.csv file. Inside CSV file, key pair is in plain text format like stated below.
AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJAF2XYBVMIH7J5LA |
AWSSecretKey=X5jXaDRGXd0vtEOEkRodpWC34MvSnTP7LbiE+8Kf |
Thats it! Your access key pair is ready to be used in AWS services. For example we used access keys while mounting S3 bucket on Linux server.
Your existing key pairs you must be using in some services. But sometimes they are sitting idle there since you havnt used them. Sometimes, you need to stop access of service which was using key pair. In such cases, its best to make that key pair inactive. So that access of service using that key pair will be paused. This might be useful in troubleshooting as well.
To make access key inactive visit same security console in your AWS account and list all existing key pairs by expanding ‘Access Keys (Access Key ID and Secret Access Key)‘. Identify your required key and click ‘Make Inactive‘ link against it in last column named ‘Actions’.
Key status will turn inactive and all its authorizations will be paused. It can be verified in column named status against it.
For all keys which are inactive in state will have ‘Make Active’ link against them in last ‘Actions’ column. You have to click it to make them active again.
Under Actions column you will also see Delete link besides active/inactive one. This is to be used when you want to delete access key.
It will confirm you like above screenshot before deleting. Deleting key will still keep it in dashboard listing with status as ‘delete’ but you wont be able to use it in future.
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Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a well-known provider of cloud services, while Kubernetes is quickly becoming the standard way to manage application containers in production environment. Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (EKS) brings these two solutions together, allowing users to quickly and easily create Kubernetes clusters in the cloud.
This guide walks you, step by step, through the process of provisioning a new Kubernetes cluster using Amazon EKS and then deploying WordPress to the cluster using a Bitnami Helm chart.
This guide will introduce you to Amazon EKS by provisioning a Kubernetes cluster and deploying the Bitnami WordPress Helm chart on it. This will give you a pre-configured WordPress blog that you can start using right away. But WordPress is just an example: there are hundreds of other Bitnami applications to choose from, and they’re all equally easy to set up.
Here are the steps you’ll follow in this tutorial:
The next sections will walk you through these steps in detail.
This guide assumes that:
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NOTE: You must use kubectl v1.10 or later with Amazon EKS.
IMPORTANT: At the time of writing, Amazon EKS is only available in the us-west-2 and us-east-1 regions. Therefore, before proceeding with the remainder of this guide, select one of these two regions in the AWS console and perform the operations listed below in that region alone.
The first step is to generate an AWS Access Key ID and Secret Access Key, which will be used to authenticate your interaction with the Amazon EKS service. To do this:
Click the “Create access key” button.
A new key pair, consisting of an “Access Key ID” and “Secret Access Key”, will be generated and displayed. The “Secret Access Key” value will not be displayed again, so accurately down the “Access Key ID” and “Secret Access Key” values displayed.
On your local system, run the following command to create an AWS profile. Enter the AWS Access Key ID, Secret Access Key and selected region when prompted.
This will create a profile file in your home directory on your local system named ~/.aws/credentials. Typically, this file contains a default profile named default with your credentials. These credentials will be used when interacting with your Amazon EKS cluster.
The next step is to create a service role that will interact with the Amazon EKS cluster. To do this:
Select “AWS service” as the type of entity and “EKS” as the service. Click the “Next: Permissions” button to proceed.
Click the “Next: Review” button to proceed.
Enter a name for the service role and click “Create role” to create the role. Note the name of the service role.
To generate an SSH key pair, which you will need to log in to your EC2 instances, follow the steps below:
Log in to the AWS Console.
From the Amazon Web Services menu, select the EC2 service.
If required, use the region selector in the top right corner to switch to the region where your instance will be launched.
From the Amazon EC2 dashboard, select the “Key Pairs” option in the “Network & Security” menu.
Click the “Create Key Pair” button. In the resulting dialog box, enter a name for the new key pair and click the “Create” button.
A new key pair, consisting of an SSH public and private key, will be generated. You will be prompted to download the private SSH key to your computer.
NOTE: You will only be able to download the private SSH key once. Store it safely as you will not be able to log in to your AWS servers without it.
Amazon EKS also requires a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in which to deploy the cluster. To create this VPC:
On the “Select Template” page, select the option to “Specify an Amazon S3 template URL” and enter the URL below:
Click “Next” to proceed.
On the “Specify Details” page, enter a name for the new stack. Click “Next” to proceed.
On the “Options” page, leave all values at their defaults. Click “Next” to proceed.
On the “Review” page, review and confirm the details of the stack. Click “Create” to proceed.
Stack creation will take a few minutes. Once complete, select the stack name in the list of available stacks and select the “Outputs” section in the lower left pane. Note the identifiers of the security group, VPC and VPC subnets.
At this point, you are ready to create a new Amazon EKS cluster. To do this:
Enter details into the EKS cluster creation form as follows:
Click “Create” to create the Amazon EKS cluster.
NOTE: If cluster creation fails due to insufficient capacity in your selected region or unavailability of subnets in certain zones, repeat the process using a different region.
Cluster creation may take up to 10 minutes. You can monitor the status of the cluster from the Amazon EKS console. Once complete, the cluster status will change to “Active” as shown below.
The next step is to configure kubectl to recognize the new cluster’s control plane. To do this:
Create a kubectl configuration file in your ~/.kube directory as ~/.kube/config-eks:
Add the file to the $KUBECONFIG environment variable so that kubectl is able to find it:
Fill the file with the following contents, replacing the placeholders shown as follows:
Replace the PROFILE-NAME placeholder with the name of your AWS credentials profile from the ~/.aws/credentials file (typically, default).
Run the command below to confirm that kubectl is able to communicate with the new cluster’s control plane:
You should see output similar to what is shown below:
Once the control plane of your cluster has been activated, the next step is to add nodes to it. To do this:
On the “Select Template” page, select the option to “Specify an Amazon S3 template URL” and enter the URL below:
Click “Next” to proceed.
On the “Specify Details” page, enter details as follows:
Click “Next” to proceed.
On the “Options” page, leave all values at their defaults. Click “Next” to proceed.
On the “Review” page, review and confirm the details of the stack and tick the checkbox to confirm that the stack can create additional IAM resources. Click “Create” to proceed.
Once stack creation is complete, select the stack name in the list of available stacks and select the “Outputs” section in the lower left pane. Note the identifier of the node instance role.
On your local system, create a file named auth.yaml and fill it with the content below. Replace the ARN-ROLE placeholder with the node instance role obtained from the stack output.
Apply the changes to the cluster configuration with kubectl:
At this point, your nodes are configured to join the cluster. You can check the status of each node using the command below:
By default, Amazon EKS does not create a storage class for a cluster. However, many Kubernetes applications (including the Bitnami WordPress Helm chart) request persistent volumes for storage, so a storage class is required to provide EBS volumes to applications. To do this:
On your local system, create a file named storage-class.yaml and fill it with the definition below:
Apply the changes to the cluster configuration with kubectl:
At this point, your storage class is provisioned. You can check this using the command below:
Helm is the easiest way to manage applications in a Kubernetes cluster. Helm allows you to perform key operations for managing applications such as installation, upgrade and removal.
Follow these steps:
To install Helm v3.x, run the following commands:
TIP: If you are using OS X you can install it with the brew install command: brew install helm.
Once Helm is installed, you’re ready to deploy WordPress using the Bitnami WordPress Helm chart.
Add the Bitnami chart repository to Helm:
Install the WordPress Helm chart:
You should see something like the output below as the chart is installed. Pay special attention to the NOTES section of the output, as it contains important information to access the application.
Check pod status until both WordPress and MariaDB are “running”:
Obtain the load balancer’s public hostname, replacing RELEASE-NAME with the correct release name:
Get the credentials for the application by executing the commands shown in the output of helm install:
Browse to the load balancer’s external IP address and you should see WordPress running. Here’s what it should look like:
To log in to the WordPress dashboard, follow these steps:
Browse to the WordPress dashboard, usually at the URL http://SERVER-IP/wp-admin.
Log in with the administrator credentials from the previous step.
You should now arrive at the WordPress dashboard, which allows you to manage posts, pages and comments; customize your blog with themes and plugins; import and export content; manage navigation menus; add or delete new user accounts; and much more.
You can now add a new post using the following steps:
Select the “Posts -> Add New” menu option to create a new post.
Enter a title and content for the post. You can use the formatting tools at the top of the content area to format your post and add hyperlinks or images.
Optionally, choose the format and category for your post.
Publish it immediately using the “Publish” button.
And now, when you visit your blog’s front page, you should see your new post.
Congratulations! You now have a working, fully-functional WordPress blog in the cloud.
You can keep your WordPress installation up-to-date with the WordPress update feature. To access this:
Select the “Dashboard -> Updates” menu item.
Review the resulting page to see if WordPress needs an update. If an update is available, you can install it by clicking the “Update Now” button. You can also re-install WordPress if needed with the “Re-install Now” button.
To learn more about the topics discussed in this tutorial, use the links below: